尽管要在众多伟大的先哲中选择一个为我们对适应性大脑的理解做出突出贡献的是件很难的事,但是在这节我仍然要向一位先驱致敬,他就是威廉·詹姆斯(见图D—1)。
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图D—1 威廉·詹姆斯
(1842年1月11日—1910年8月26日)
詹姆斯成功地诠释了何为“超越时代”。在神经系统科学为类似于“自动化”这种概念提供科学支持之前,詹姆斯已经写出了关于它们的文章。同时,他也是实用主义之父,实用主义是本书以及其他专注于用实证来追求“什么起作用”的书的哲学基石。
下文是对詹姆斯著作的一个总结,方便读者参考阅读,感受他的智慧之光。
■威廉·詹姆斯的著作
◎著作集
1.Frederick H.Burkhardt,ed.The Works of William James.Cambridge and London:HarvardUniversity Press,1975.
2.William James:Writings 1878-1899.New York:The Library of America,1992.
3.William James:Writings 1902-1910.New York:The Library of America,1987.
◎个人文集
1.Essays in Philosophy.Cambridge and London:Harvard University Press,1978.
2.The Meaning of Truth.Cambridge and London:Harvard University Press,1979.Originally published in 1909.
3.A Pluralistic Universe.Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1977.Originally published in 1909.
4.Pragmatism.Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1979.Originally published in 1907.
5.The Principles of Psychology,Vols.I and II.Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1981.Originally published in 1890.
6.Some Problems of Philosophy.Cambridge and London:Harvard University Press,1979.Originally published in 1911.
7.Talks to Teachers on Psychology;and to Students on Some of Life's Ideals.New York:HenryHolt,1899.
8.The Varieties of Religious Experience.New York:Longmans,Green,1916.Originally published in 1902.
9.The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy,Cambridge and London:Harvard University Press,1979.First published in 1897.
◎随笔
1.“Philosophical Conceptions and Practical Results,”1898.Contained in Pragmatism,pp.255-70.
2.“Remarks on Spencer