13、2019年:大容量SSD锋芒毕露?
来自storagenewsletter网站的编辑Jean Jacques Maleval做了一个很有意义的总结,针对容量为10TB及以上SSD硬盘现在全球产品状况做了统计和简单总结。
这个统计保留了自1991年以来公布的所有固态硬盘的清单,其中包括1252台硬盘及其主要规格。但文章里面的表格统计只针对10TB及以上的设备情况。
以下是所有容量为10TB及以上的设备,但并非所有设备都可用。呵呵呵
前两个SSD来自希捷科技,但未正式上市,64TB只是在2017年Flash Memory Summit美国闪存峰会上展示了一个demo,60TB SAS SSD也是一个处于demo阶段的技术,但从未公开量产销售给用户。目前可以看到希捷科技官网展示最大容量企业级固态硬盘是15TBSAS接口的Nytro?3000,12Gb/秒。
看这个表格里面统计的许多SSD硬盘容量大于市面上我们可以看到的最大容量的HDD硬盘,就是16TB,3.5英寸的规格。不过,希捷在一份自己产品路线图中,展望到2025年,可以推出使用HAMR技术造就的单盘100TB HDD机械硬盘。然而,到2025年的时候SSD也有可能早就突破单盘100TB了吧?嘻嘻。
虽然有一段时间,一些硬盘制造商以3.5英寸的尺寸推出了固态硬盘,但没有人会继续如此大规模的生产。现在他们中的大多数都使用2.5英寸的外形尺寸或PCIe卡来设计和推出SSD产品。
因此,从空间利用的设计上,SSD已经普遍超越了HDD。
在接口方面,目前可以找到12GB SAS、6GB SATA,以及性能有了显著提高的PCIe NVMe,还有即将有更多厂商推出NVMe over Fabric(NVMe-oF)的产品。比如在2018年的美国闪存峰会上,就有厂商推出了NVMe-oF全闪存阵列,性能表现上IOPS达到了1600万。在更多系统存储厂商的驱动下,或许会加快NVMe-oF相关存储产品的丰富。
在闪存制造技术方面,使用64层堆叠的QLC (4 bits/cell) 和TLC (3 bits/cell)产品已经在2018年亮相。同时在2018年可以看到三星、英特尔、美光等有计划推出96层堆叠3D NAND,这必然可以促进SSD固态硬盘单盘容量的大幅度提升。
目前业界按照存储模式来划分,NAND闪存已经发展到了四代,即SLC、MLC、TLC、QLC。
第一代SLC每单元可存储1比特数据(1bits/cell),性能好、寿命长,可经受10万次编程/擦写循环,但容量低、成本高,如今已经非常罕见。
第二代MLC每单元可存储2比特数据(2bits/cell),性能、寿命、容量、成各方面比较均衡,可经受1万次编程/擦写循环,现在只有在少数高端SSD中可以见到。
第三代TLC每单元可存储3比特数据(3bits/cell),性能、寿命变差,只能经受3千次编程/擦写循环,但是容量可以做得更大,成本也可以更低,当前最普及。
第四代QLC每单元可存储4比特数据(4bits/cell),性能、寿命进一步变差,只能经受1000次编程/擦写循环,但是容量更容易提升,成本也继续降低。目前存储系统厂商对QLC未来发展比较好。
在2018年,3D NAND芯片和固态硬盘的价格出现下降,这一趋势可能会持续到2019年。但对于超过10TB的硬盘市场来说,SSD固态硬盘仍然扩张迅速,传统HDD硬盘未来是无法匹敌的了。只是当前来看,市场主流的SSD产品依然位于10TB以下,或许到SSD硬盘单品价格降到更低,加上全闪存系统的应用领域更为广泛的时候,10TB及以上的大容量SSD可望成为市场主流,并有望逐渐替代一大部分HDD大容量盘。
当然,在大容量SSD领域,谁与争“峰”呢?锋芒未露之前,想成为这个领域最高的那座山峰,谁都想啊!任何一个闪存厂商都背负着自己的历史使命和压力,如何将使命化为替代HDD的革命、把压力化为推动SSD前进的动力,恐怕这才是最重要的了。
因此,SSD完全取代HDD这个事情会受到两个因素影响:一个是价格,一个是存储系统具体应用情况。慢慢来看吧,闪存发展趋势还是明朗的,只是完全替代还需要很长时间罢了。
不过,从HDD行业发展的趋势来看,从当初的221家HDD硬盘厂商,到现在只剩下了这三家:希捷科技、东芝、WD西部数据。
历史上的HDD硬盘厂商有哪些呢?感谢“好心人”外媒技术编辑Jean Jacques Maleval提供的整理数据,在此分享给各位参考一下。
载入史册的221家HDD硬盘厂商名单:
Amcodyne
Ampex
Anelex Corp.
Areal Technology - acquired by Tomen Corp in 1993
Aura Associates
Avatar Systems
BASF
Bryant Computer Products
Burroughs Corporation - merged with Sperry Corporation to form Unisys in 1986
Castlewood Systems
Caelus Memories, Inc.
CalComp
Calluna Technologies
Century Data
Comport
Computer Memories Inc. (CMI) - left industry in 1986
Computer Memory Technology (CMT)
Conner Peripherals - merged with Seagate in 1996
Control Data Corporation (CDC) / Imprimis Technology - sold hard disk drive business to Seagate in 1989
Cornice LLC - bankrupt in 2007
Data General Corporation
Data Products Corp.
Data Recording Instruments (DRI)
Dataplay (DPHI, DaTARIUS)
Diablo Systems - became Diablo Data Systems in 1972
Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) - sold hard disk drive business to Quantum Corporation in 1994
DZU (of Bulgaria) - converted from government-owned to private, and sold to Videoton_(company) in 1999
ExcelStor Technology - left industry
Fuji Electric
Fujitsu - HDD division acquired by Toshiba in July 2009
General Electric (GE)
Gigastorage
Hewlett-Packard (HP) - 1976 to 1996, left industry
Hitachi Global Storage Technologies (HGST) - 2002 merger of Hitachi and IBM disk drive businesses, sold to Western Digital in 2012 with part of 3.5-inch manufacturing facilities going to Toshiba
Hokushin Electric Works
Honeywell Bull
IBM - HDD business acquired by Hitachi Global Storage Technologies in 2002
Information Storage Systems acquired by Itel, then Univac and finally CDC
Integral Peripherals - first rigid 1.8-inch drive; bankrupt in 1998
Iomec
Iomega - left industry
ISOT of Bulgaria
JT Storage (JTS) - bankrupt in 1999
JVC - left industry
Kalok - bankrupt in 1994
LaCie - acquired by Seagate Technology in 2012
LaPine Technologies
Librascope
Marshall Laboratories
Matsushita - left industry in 2004
Maxtor - acquired by Seagate in 2006
Memorex - acquired by Burroughs 1981 and then merged into Unisys 1986; HDD division shut down in 1988
Microcomputer Memories - left the industry
Micropolis Corporation - bankrupt in 1997
Microscience International - bankrupt in 1992
MiniScribe - bankrupt and then acquired by Maxtor in?1990
Ministor Peripherals - first mobile 1.8-inch drive; bankrupt in 1998
Mitsubishi - left industry
NEC - left industry
Nippon Peripherals
Noma?
Olivetti
Pertec Computer
Philips
Plus Development - subsidiary of Quantum; created Hardcard; absorbed back into Quantum 1992
Potter Instrument
PrairieTek - first 2.5-inch rigid HDD; bankrupt in 1991
Priam Corporation - 1978-1989, became Priam Systems Corporation in?1990?and sold product line to Prima International in 1991
Quantum Corporation - sold HDD business to Maxtor in 2001
Raymond Engineering
Rodime - first 3.5-inch rigid HDD; shut down manufacturing in 1991; licensed its patents until the patent business was sold for $1.5 million in July 2003. The company was then the subject of a reverse merger and became Sportech PLC.
Sagem
Samsung - HDD business acquired by Seagate for $1.4 billion in 2011
Seiko Epson
Sequel
Shugart Associates - Acquired by Xerox in 1977 and shut down in 1986.
Siemens
Sony
Storage Technology Corporation (StorageTek or STK) - left industry
Syquest - bankrupt in 1998; some patents acquired by Iomega. Re-emerged selling cartridges for their previously-discontinued products.
Tandon Corporation - acquired by Western Digital in 1988
Tulin Corporation - bankrupt
Vertex Peripherals - acquired by Priam Corporation in 1985